Skin Complexion

In the 1723 Journal of a Voyage up the Gambia, an English narrator describes the native translators vital to the expedition's success as being "Black as Coal". Such a description of dark skin color was not unusual for eighteenth-century Britons -- but neither was the statement that followed: "here, thro' Custom, (being Christians) they account themselves White Men". The Complexion of Race asks how such categories were possible, when and how such statements came to seem illogical, and how our understanding of the eighteenth century has been distorted by the imposition of nineteenth- and twentieth-century notions of race on an earlier period. Tracing the emergence of skin color as a predominant market of identity in British thought, Wheeler juxtaposes the Enlightenment's scientific speculations on human variety in natural history with accounts in civil histories, travel literature, and fiction. In offering a new interpretation of skin color's role in race, Wheeler considers the range of meanings attached in white, tawny, copper and black complexion. Arguing that cultural factors, such as civility, division of labor, and property ownership, should be given greater emphasis in out understanding of eighteenth-century racial ideology in Britain, Wheeler examines the coexistence of two major systems of racialization. Over the century, an older order, based primarily on the division between Christian and heathen, gives way to a new division based on bodily differences, especially between black and white skin color. This shift is not accomplished during the eighteenth century, which is especially remarkable in fiction. For instance, non-European characters, before the 1770s, were commonly"redeemed" by Christian conversion, British apparel, the consumption of English commodities, and marriage to a European.

Shattering the myth of the colorblind society, this collection of essays is a revealing examination of the ways skin tone inequality operates in America.

Complexion - Complexion refers to the natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially that of the face. The word is derived from the Late Latin complexi, which initially referred in general terms to a combination of things, and later in physiological terms, to the balance of humors.

Swarthy - Swarthy is a term sometimes used to describe the complexion of individuals with dark skin pigmentation. The term is generally used informally and can be racially offensive.

Skin friction - In aerodynamics, skin friction is the component of parasitic drag arising from the friction of the fluid against the "skin" of the object that is moving through it. Skin friction is a function of the interaction between the fluid and the skin of the body, as well as the wetted surface, or the area of the surface of the body that would become wet if sprayed with water flowing in the wind.

Natural skin care - Natural skin care is the care of the skin (the largest organ of the body) using naturally derived ingredients (such as herbs, roots, and flowers) combined with naturally occuring carrier agents (everything from natural soap to oils to pure water). Many people with senstive skin have turned to natural skin care solutions.

skincomplexion

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Skin Lightening - Skin Lightening Skin friction - In aerodynamics, skin friction is the component of parasitic drag arising from the friction of the fluid against the "skin" of the object that is moving through it. Skin friction is a function of the interaction between the fluid and the skin of the body, as well as the wetted surface, or the area of the surface of the body that would become wet if sprayed with water flowing in the wind. Natural skin care - Natural skin ...

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